![]() However, this designation was for the Vietnamese themselves and not for the whole country. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, educated Vietnamese called themselves and their people as nguoi viet and nguoi nam, which combined to become nguoi viet nam (Vietnamese people). The term Baiyue/Bách Việt first appeared in the book Lüshi Chunqiu compiled around 239 BC. From the third century BC the term was used for the non-Chinese populations of south and southwest China and northern Vietnam, with particular ethnic groups called Minyue, Ouyue, Luoyue (Vietnamese: Lạc Việt), etc., collectively called the Baiyue (Bách Việt, Chinese: 百越 pinyin: Bǎiyuè Cantonese Yale: Baak Yuet Vietnamese: Bách Việt "Hundred Yue/Viet" ). Between the seventh and fourth centuries BC Yue/Việt referred to the State of Yue in the lower Yangtze basin and its people. In the early eighth century BC, a tribe on the middle Yangtze were called the Yangyue, a term later used for peoples further south. At that time it referred to a people or chieftain to the northwest of the Shang. The term " Việt" (Yue) ( Chinese: 越 pinyin: Yuè Cantonese Yale: Yuht Wade–Giles: Yüeh 4 Vietnamese: Việt) in Early Middle Chinese was first written using the logograph "戉" for an axe (a homophone), in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions of the late Shang dynasty ( c. The name Việt Nam ( Vietnamese pronunciation:, chữ Hán: 越南) is a variation of Nam Việt ( 南越 literally "Southern Việt"), a name that can be traced back to the Triệu dynasty of the second century BC. ![]() 10.3 Sun, moon, auspicious clouds, and the Yin-Yang symbolĪ Việt Nam Nguyên Bảo (越南元寶) gold sycee of 10 taels produced during the Minh Mạng period. ![]() 6.2 Vietnamisation of ethnic minorities.6.1 Culture and Cultural Discrimination.2.4 French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin (1883–1945).2.3.4 War with Siam and invasion of Cambodia.2.3.3 Rise and expansion under Minh Mạng.2.2.8 Franco-Nguyễn alliance against Tây Sơn.2.2.7 Qing China - Lê alliance against Tây Sơn.2.2.4 Chinese Vietnamese support for Nguyễn Ánh. ![]()
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